Step 1: Understanding the concept of collage

The term "collage" comes from the French word "coller," which means "to glue." In the context of art, collage refers to the technique where different materials, such as pieces of paper, cloth, newspaper, and other flat items, are arranged and glued onto a surface to create a new composition.


Step 2: The origin and use of collage

Collage became a formal technique in the early 20th century, especially by modernist artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. These artists began incorporating cut pieces of paper, fabric, and newspapers into their artwork, allowing for more textures and a new way of expressing art. Unlike traditional paintings created with brushes, collage involves assembling various materials.


Step 3: Importance of "cutting paper"

The primary material used in collage painting is paper. The process involves cutting different pieces of paper and arranging them to form an artistic composition. These pieces might include magazine clippings, patterned paper, text snippets, or even drawings. The artist then adheres them to a canvas or cardboard using glue or paste.


Step 4: Evaluating the options

- Option (A) is correct because the technique of collage involves cutting and pasting pieces of paper.

- Option (B), "Glass," pertains to glass painting, not collage.

- Option (C), "Stone," is unrelated to collage; it’s more relevant to sculpture or carving.

- Option (D), "None of these," is incorrect as option (A) accurately describes the collage technique.


Step 5: Conclusion

Collage painting is the process of cutting and gluing paper pieces to create new images, which makes option (A) the correct answer.

\[ \boxed{Cutting piece of paper} \] Quick Tip: When working on collage art, remember that it involves creative assembly of paper pieces. If you're gluing down paper to create something new, you're doing collage!

Step 1: Understanding the concept of "Art"

The term "Art" generally refers to human expression through creativity, skill, and craftsmanship. In ancient Indian tradition, art, or "Kala," was closely linked to rituals, music, poetry, and performance.


Step 2: Delving into Vedic Literature

The Vedas are the oldest known scriptures in Indian history, consisting of four texts: Rigveda, Samveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. The Rigveda is the oldest and most significant of these.


Step 3: Connection to the word ‘Art’ in Rigveda

The Rigveda comprises hymns (suktas) that praise various deities and offer insights into early forms of artistic expression. The act of composing these hymns was seen as a form of creative and intellectual art, laying the foundation for artistic expression in later cultures.


Step 4: Discarding incorrect options

- Option (B), Samveda, is focused primarily on musical chanting, and though related to art in some sense, it doesn’t mark the first use of the word "Art."

- Option (C), Atharvaveda, deals with practical knowledge and rituals, not the concept of art.

- Option (D), "None of these," is incorrect because Rigveda does include early references to art.


Step 5: Conclusion

The word "Art" is first found in the Rigveda, marking the earliest known reference to creative expression in the Vedic texts. Therefore, option (A) is the correct answer.
Quick Tip: The Rigveda not only contains spiritual hymns but also lays the groundwork for Indian culture, including concepts of art, music, and poetry.

Step 1: Defining Rasa in Indian Aesthetics

In Indian classical arts, the term Rasa refers to the emotional essence or flavor experienced by an audience.

The concept was introduced by the ancient scholar Bharata Muni in his seminal work Natyashastra.


Step 2: The Nine Rasas (Navarasa)

Initially, eight Rasas were outlined, but later, a ninth Rasa was added. Collectively, these are known as the \textit{Navarasa, which includes:

1. Shringar (Love)

2. Hasya (Laughter)

3. Karuna (Compassion)

4. Raudra (Anger)

5. Veer (Courage)

6. Bhayanak (Fear)

7. Bibhatsa (Disgust)

8. Adbhuta (Wonder)

9. Shanta (Peace)


Step 3: Conclusion

Therefore, there are a total of 9 Rasas.

\[ \boxed{9 \] Quick Tip: To remember the nine Rasas, use the acronym “SHRKBVBAS” for: Shringar, Hasya, Raudra, Karuna, Veer, Bhayanak, Bibhatsa, Adbhuta, and Shanta.

Step 1: Understanding Sthayi Bhava

Sthayi Bhava refers to the dominant and stable emotion that forms the foundation of each Rasa.

In Bharata’s Natyashastra, it is stated that each Rasa emerges from its corresponding Sthayi Bhava, when combined with Vibhavas (stimuli), Anubhavas (expressions), and Vyabhichari Bhavas (transitory emotions).


Step 2: The Sthayi Bhava of Shringar Rasa

- Shringar Rasa represents love, beauty, and attraction.

- It is primarily associated with romantic and aesthetic emotions.

- The Sthayi Bhava for Shringar Rasa is Rati, which signifies love, affection, or desire.


Step 3: Elimination of Incorrect Options

- (A) Shok (grief) is the Sthayi Bhava of Karuna Rasa.

- (B) Hasya is a Rasa, not a Bhava.

- (D) Bhaya is the Sthayi Bhava of Bhayanak Rasa.


Step 4: Conclusion

Thus, the correct Sthayi Bhava for Shringar Rasa is Rati.

\[ \boxed{Rati \] Quick Tip: For each Rasa, think of the Sthayi Bhava as the core emotion. For Shringar Rasa, it’s all about \textbf{Rati}, which reflects love and attraction.

Step 1: Understanding what 'Colour' means

Colour is the visual perceptual property corresponding to categories like red, blue, yellow, etc.

It is perceived by humans based on the way objects reflect or emit light.


Step 2: Scientific origin of colour

Colour originates from the phenomenon of light.

When white light passes through a prism or reflects off an object, different wavelengths bend or reflect differently.

This results in the appearance of different colours to the human eye.


Step 3: Elimination of incorrect options

(B) Sound \Rightarrow Sound is not related to colour; it is related to vibrations and hearing.

(C) Line \Rightarrow A line is a geometric figure, not a source of colour.

(D) Tone \Rightarrow Tone is used in sound and music, not in colour generation.


Conclusion:

Thus, colour originates from the interaction of light with objects.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Light} \] Quick Tip: Colours are a result of how different wavelengths of visible light are absorbed or reflected. Without light, there is no colour.

Step 1: Understanding colour brightness

Different colours of the visible spectrum have different energy levels and brightness (light intensity).

Brightness depends on how much light a colour reflects.


Step 2: Evaluating all options

(A) Blue \Rightarrow Blue has a high frequency but does not reflect as much visible light as yellow.

(B) Yellow \Rightarrow Yellow is the brightest colour in the visible spectrum. It reflects the most light and appears luminous.

(C) Red \Rightarrow Red has lower frequency and moderate brightness.

(D) Black \Rightarrow Black absorbs all light and reflects none, hence has the least brightness.


Step 3: Scientific fact

The yellow colour is most sensitive to the human eye and gives a maximum feeling of brightness.

That’s why many road signs and safety vests are in yellow.


Conclusion:

Hence, the colour with maximum perceived brightness/light is Yellow.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) Yellow} \] Quick Tip: Brightness is not about frequency; it’s about light reflectance. Yellow reflects more light than other colours.

Colours of visible light have different wavelengths:

- Violet: ~400 nm

- Blue: ~450–495 nm

- Green: ~495–570 nm

- Yellow: ~570–590 nm

- Orange: ~590–620 nm

- Red: ~620–750 nm

Red has the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum.

White is not a single wavelength; it’s a mix of all colours.

\[ \boxed{Red} \]

\begin{quicktipbox
Red light bends the least due to its longest wavelength. Used in fog lights and signals.
\end{quicktipbox Quick Tip: Red light bends the least due to its longest wavelength. Used in fog lights and signals.

Among visible colours, purple (or violet) has the shortest wavelength.

Wavelength range for purple/violet is ~380–450 nm.

Comparative ranges:

- Purple: ~380–450 nm

- Blue: ~450–495 nm

- Green: ~495–570 nm

- Yellow: ~570–590 nm

Hence, the correct answer is Purple.

\[ \boxed{Purple} \]

\begin{quicktipbox
Purple bends the most in a prism due to its lowest wavelength.
\end{quicktipbox Quick Tip: Purple bends the most in a prism due to its lowest wavelength.

Visual Arts refers to art forms that are primarily visual in nature, such as painting, sculpture, drawing, design, photography, and architecture.

Poetry and Music are part of performing and literary arts, not visual arts.

Painting is a classic example of visual arts as it is created to be appreciated through sight.

Hence, among the options given, Painting is the correct answer.

\[ \boxed{Painting is a form of visual art.} \] Quick Tip: Visual Arts include painting, sculpture, photography, architecture, etc. Performing Arts include music, dance, drama.

Primary colours are the basic colours that cannot be made by mixing other colours.

In the subtractive colour model (used in painting and pigments), the primary colours are: Red, Yellow, and Blue.

All other colours can be formed by mixing these in various combinations.


Option (B) includes Black and Green, which are not primary.

Option (C) includes Green and Black again — incorrect.

Option (D) is eliminated as option (A) is valid.


\[ \boxed{Primary Colours = Red, Yellow, Blue} \] Quick Tip: Remember RYB (Red, Yellow, Blue) as the basic primary colours in art and pigment theory.

Step 1: Understanding what 'cool colour' means

Colours are categorized into two main types — warm and cool.

Cool colours are those that remind us of calm, peaceful things like water and sky.


Step 2: Identifying cool colours

Cool colours include Blue, Green, and Purple.

They tend to have a calming effect and are often used in design to create a relaxed feeling.


Step 3: Evaluating each option

(A) Blue \(\Rightarrow\) Blue is a classic example of a cool colour.

(B) Yellow \(\Rightarrow\) Yellow is a warm colour, associated with sunshine and warmth.

(C) Black \(\Rightarrow\) Black is a neutral colour, not specifically warm or cool.

(D) None of these \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect, because Blue is a cool colour.


Conclusion:

Hence, Blue is the correct answer as a typical cool colour.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Blue} \] Quick Tip: Cool colours such as blue, green, and purple evoke calmness and are used to create a soothing environment.

Step 1: Understanding Red Oxide

Red oxide is a pigment commonly used in paints and coatings.

It has a deep, earthy red tone and is widely used in construction, art, and design.


Step 2: Red Oxide's visual match

Red oxide pigment is chemically ferric oxide (Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\)).

Its natural tone closely resembles a muted red, often called "Indian Red."


Step 3: Evaluating options

(A) European Red \Rightarrow This is not a standard pigment name.

(B) Indian Red \Rightarrow Matches perfectly in tone with red oxide pigment.

(C) France Red \Rightarrow Not a recognized standard for red oxide pigment.

(D) None of these \Rightarrow Incorrect, as Indian Red is a valid match.


Conclusion:

Red oxide pigment best matches with Indian Red colour.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) Indian Red colour} \] Quick Tip: Red oxide pigment has a deep earthy tone and is most commonly referred to as Indian Red in the colour industry.

Step 1: Understanding the nature of painting

Painting, as a visual art form, is done on flat surfaces such as paper, canvas, or walls. These surfaces exist in the physical space having dimensions — length and breadth — and when combined with techniques like shading and perspective, they create an illusion of depth.


Step 2: Dimensions in art

Although the painting surface itself is two-dimensional, the composition and technique give it a visual three-dimensional effect. In common art terminology, painting is considered to represent the three dimensions: length, breadth, and an illusion of depth (perspective).


Step 3: Elimination

- Option (A) Four dimension — incorrect, as painting doesn't represent time or movement explicitly.

- Option (C) Two dimension — technically the medium is 2D, but not the representation.

- Option (D) None of these — invalid.

\[ \boxed{Three dimension is the most accurate answer.} \] Quick Tip: Paintings are usually created on 2D surfaces but employ 3D effects using shadows, perspective, and highlights.

Step 1: Meaning of Tulika

In the context of Indian art and terminology, 'Tulika' is a Sanskrit-origin word that is often associated with the materials used in painting.


Step 2: Usage in language

While some may confuse 'Tulika' with brush (since 'Tulika' sounds similar to 'Toothbrush' or paint brush), its real and most appropriate meaning in artistic and cultural contexts is ‘Colour’.


Step 3: Elimination

- Option (A) Brush — commonly mistaken but incorrect.

- Option (C) Oil — vague and not specific.

- Option (D) Paper — irrelevant.

\[ \boxed{‘Tulika’ most accurately refers to Colour.} \] Quick Tip: In Indian traditional terminology, ‘Tulika’ refers to pigment or colour, not the tool (like brush).

Step 1: Understanding what charcoal is

Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue that is produced by strongly heating wood or other organic materials in minimal oxygen.


Step 2: Usage in drawing and art

In art, "charcoal" refers to a dry medium made from finely ground organic materials that are held together by a gum or wax binder.

It is widely used for sketching, shading, and fine art work.


Step 3: Is charcoal the same as graphite?

While not exactly the same chemically, both graphite and charcoal are forms of carbon.

Charcoal is closer in texture and appearance to graphite and is used similarly in artistic applications.


Step 4: Evaluating options

(A) Graphite \Rightarrow Correct. Charcoal is a form of carbon and closely resembles graphite in function.

(B) Red colour \Rightarrow Incorrect. Charcoal is not a pigment colour like red.

(C) Oil colour \Rightarrow Incorrect. Oil colours are oil-based pigments, whereas charcoal is dry and powdery.

(D) None of these \Rightarrow Incorrect. (A) is correct.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Graphite} \] Quick Tip: Charcoal is a carbon-based medium used in sketching and is similar in use and composition to graphite.

Step 1: Understanding vibration speed in colour theory

In physics, colours are associated with light waves, which vary in frequency and wavelength.

Vibration speed is related to frequency — higher frequency means faster vibration.


Step 2: Order of colours by frequency (from low to high)

Red < Orange < Yellow < Green < Blue < Indigo < Violet (Purple)

So, Violet or Purple has the highest frequency (and therefore the highest vibration speed).


Step 3: Evaluating options

(A) Blue \Rightarrow High frequency, but not the highest.

(B) Purple \Rightarrow Correct. Violet (Purple) has the maximum frequency.

(C) Green \Rightarrow Medium frequency, lower than blue and purple.

(D) Black \Rightarrow Black is the absence of light, not a vibrating light wave.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) Purple} \] Quick Tip: Purple (or violet) light waves have the highest frequency and therefore the fastest vibration speed in the visible spectrum.

Step 1: Understanding Colour Mixing

When two primary colours mix, they form a secondary colour. Yellow and Blue are both primary colours.


Step 2: Applying the Rule of Colour Mixing

In the subtractive colour model used in painting and visual arts:

Yellow + Blue \Rightarrow Green


This is a well-known rule from basic colour theory. The mixture of yellow and blue pigments gives rise to green due to the way light wavelengths are absorbed and reflected.


Step 3: Eliminating Incorrect Options

- (A) Red: Primary colour, but not formed by yellow + blue

- (C) Orange: Formed by Red + Yellow

- (D) Pink: Usually made from Red + White


Hence, the only valid option is Green.

\[ \boxed{Green} \]

\begin{quicktipbox
Mixing two primary colours (like yellow and blue) gives you a secondary colour (like green). Always remember primary + primary = secondary.
\end{quicktipbox Quick Tip: Mixing two primary colours (like yellow and blue) gives you a secondary colour (like green). Always remember primary + primary = secondary.

Step 1: Colour Psychology Basics

In psychology and visual arts, colours are associated with different emotions. These associations are based on cultural as well as psychological interpretations.


Step 2: Emotional Interpretation of Orange

Orange is a warm, vibrant colour often associated with:

- Joy

- Energy

- Enthusiasm

- Warmth

- Happiness


It combines the energy of red and the cheerfulness of yellow. Thus, orange tends to represent uplifting and cheerful feelings.


Step 3: Eliminating Wrong Choices

- (A) Knowledge: Often linked with blue

- (B) Sadness: Usually associated with blue or grey

- (D) Anger: Represented by red


Therefore, the correct and most psychologically accepted association for orange is happiness.

\[ \boxed{Happiness} \]

\begin{quicktipbox
Orange is a warm and bright colour that generally symbolizes joy, cheer, and happiness. It's a mix of red's energy and yellow's optimism.
\end{quicktipbox Quick Tip: Orange is a warm and bright colour that generally symbolizes joy, cheer, and happiness. It's a mix of red's energy and yellow's optimism.

Step 1: Understanding light and dark in visual art

In the field of art and design, "lightness" and "darkness" refer to the variation in the value of a colour or shade.

This is a fundamental concept for creating depth, contrast, and form in a visual composition.


Step 2: Definition of 'Tone'

Tone refers to the relative lightness or darkness of a colour or a surface.

Artists use tone to create shading, volume, and a sense of three-dimensionality.


Step 3: Evaluating other options

(B) Texture \(\Rightarrow\) Refers to the surface quality (rough, smooth, etc.), not light-dark value.

(C) Line \(\Rightarrow\) Refers to the outline or stroke; unrelated to brightness or darkness.

(D) Form \(\Rightarrow\) Refers to shape and volume, not tonal value.


Hence, the correct answer is Tone.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Tone} \] Quick Tip: In art, tone refers to how light or dark a colour is, which helps in creating contrast and depth in images.

Step 1: Dispersion of sunlight

When sunlight passes through a prism, it gets split into different colours — a phenomenon known as dispersion.


Step 2: What colours are observed?

The seven colours visible in the spectrum of sunlight are:

Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, and Red. This is remembered using the acronym VIBGYOR.


Step 3: Evaluating options

(A) 10 \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect. Only 7 colours are observed.

(B) 8 \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect.

(C) 9 \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect.

(D) 7 \(\Rightarrow\) Correct. VIBGYOR contains 7 distinct colours.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (D) 7} \] Quick Tip: Sunlight contains 7 visible colours — VIBGYOR — which become visible through prism dispersion or rainbows.

Step 1: Understanding metric units

The metric system includes various units of length such as metre, centimetre, millimetre, and decimetre.


Step 2: Definition of a decimetre

A decimetre is defined as one-tenth of a metre. That is:

1 decimetre = 0.1 metre


Step 3: Conversion calculation

To find how many decimetres are there in 1 metre:
\[ 1 metre = \frac{1}{0.1} = 10 decimetres \]

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (C) 10} \] Quick Tip: 1 metre = 10 decimetres, because "deci-" means one-tenth in the metric system.

Step 1: Understanding properties of a square

A square is a regular quadrilateral. It has:

- Four sides

- Four right angles (\(90^\circ\) each)

- Opposite sides parallel


Step 2: Key property of a square

The most important property is that **all four sides of a square are equal in length.**

This makes it different from rectangles, where only opposite sides are equal.


Step 3: Analyzing options

(A) Big and small \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect, squares do not have unequal sides

(B) Four sides are equal \(\Rightarrow\) Correct by definition

(C) Opposite sides are equal \(\Rightarrow\) True for rectangles, not the best choice for square

(D) None of these \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) Four sides are equal} \] Quick Tip: In a square, all four sides are equal and each angle is \(90^\circ\).

Step 1: Understanding angle types

Angles are categorized based on their measurement in degrees:

- Acute angle \(<\) 90°

- Right angle = 90°

- Obtuse angle \(>\) 90° but \(<\) 180°

- Straight angle = 180°

- Reflex angle \(>\) 180° but \(<\) 360°

- Whole angle = full turn


Step 2: What is a whole angle?

A whole angle is one complete rotation starting from a ray, making a full circle and coming back to its initial position.

This forms a complete revolution and is measured as:

Whole angle = \(360^\circ\)

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (D) 360^\circ} \] Quick Tip: A whole angle means one complete rotation, which equals \(360^\circ\).

Step 1: Understanding pencil grades

Pencils are graded based on hardness and blackness:

- B (Black) pencils \(\Rightarrow\) soft and dark

- H (Hard) pencils \(\Rightarrow\) hard and light

- HB pencils \(\Rightarrow\) medium hard/dark


Step 2: What is a 2H pencil?

2H is a hard pencil, which produces a light, thin, and precise line.

It is commonly used in technical drawings, blueprints, and initial sketches.


Step 3: Evaluating options

(A) 3B \(\Rightarrow\) Very dark line due to softness

(B) 2H \(\Rightarrow\) Light line, suitable for fine and clean work

(C) HB \(\Rightarrow\) Medium, not as light as 2H

(D) None of these \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect since 2H is correct

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) 2H} \] Quick Tip: Use H-grade pencils (like 2H) when you need light, clean lines for technical or neat sketches.

Step 1: Understanding metric units

The metric system defines the following:

- 1 meter = 10 decimeters

- 1 meter = 100 centimeters

Therefore, \[ 1 decimeter = \frac{100}{10} = 10 centimeters \]

Step 2: Check all options

- (A) 15 cm — Incorrect

- (B) 20 cm — Incorrect

- (C) 40 cm — Incorrect

- (D) 30 cm — Incorrect


None of the options match the correct value of \(10 cm\).

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: None of the above (should be 10 cm)} \] Quick Tip: 1 decimeter = 10 centimeters. Remember that "deci-" means one-tenth of a meter.

Step 1: Understanding rectangles

A rectangle is a quadrilateral with:

- Four right angles (\(90^\circ\))

- Opposite sides equal and parallel


Step 2: Analyze options

- (A) Visual shape is rectangular — likely has right angles and equal opposite sides.

- (B) A circle has no straight sides — not rectangular.

- (C) Visual not matching rectangle — possibly square or lines.

- (D) A triangle has only 3 sides — not rectangular.


Hence, option (A) is the most accurate.
\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A)} \] Quick Tip: A rectangle always has four sides and four right angles. Look for equal opposite sides.

Step 1: Understanding the definition of a line

A line is a geometric figure that extends in both directions infinitely and has no endpoints.

It is typically defined as the path traced by a moving point in a single direction.


Step 2: What is the minimum number of points to define a line?

A line can be defined using any two points.

Once we have two points, a straight line can be drawn connecting them.


Step 3: Evaluating the options

(A) Distance between three dots \(\Rightarrow\) A curve can pass through three points; not necessarily a line.

(B) Distance between two dots \(\Rightarrow\) This defines a line segment, not an infinite line.

(C) Straight line \(\Rightarrow\) This is the correct conceptual and geometric definition.

(D) None of these \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect, as (C) is correct.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (C) Straight line} \] Quick Tip: A line is an infinite set of points in a straight path. It is not limited like a line segment.

Step 1: Understanding angle types

- A right angle is an angle that measures exactly \(90^\circ\)

- It is formed when two lines intersect to form a perfect L-shape


Step 2: Evaluating the options

(A) \(90^\circ\) \(\Rightarrow\) This is the correct and exact measure of a right angle

(B) \(45^\circ\) \(\Rightarrow\) This is an acute angle, less than a right angle

(C) \(60^\circ\) \(\Rightarrow\) Also an acute angle

(D) \(120^\circ\) \(\Rightarrow\) An obtuse angle, more than a right angle

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) 90^\circ} \] Quick Tip: Remember: Right angle = \(90^\circ\), Straight angle = \(180^\circ\), Complete angle = \(360^\circ\).

Step 1: Understanding metric conversion

In the metric system, the basic units are converted using powers of 10.

1 metre is equal to 100 centimeters.


Step 2: Explanation

This is a direct standard conversion from meters to centimeters.
\[ 1 metre = 100 centimetres \]


Step 3: Evaluating options

(A) 100 \(\Rightarrow\) Correct

(B) 10 \(\Rightarrow\) This would be for decimeters, not centimeters

(C) 1000 \(\Rightarrow\) That's the conversion from meters to millimeters

(D) 80 \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect and unrelated

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) 100} \] Quick Tip: Remember: 1 metre = 100 cm, 1 cm = 10 mm. Metric conversions are based on powers of 10.

Step 1: Understanding shapes

A circle is a two-dimensional figure in which all points are equidistant from the center.


Step 2: Evaluating the given shapes

(A) \Circle \(\Rightarrow\) Correct shape of a circle

(B) \Square \(\Rightarrow\) Four equal sides, not a circle

(C) \triangle \(\Rightarrow\) Three-sided polygon

(D) None of these \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect, as option (A) is correct

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Circle} \] Quick Tip: A circle is a perfectly round shape with no corners or edges, defined by a center point and radius.

Step 1: Understanding angle classifications

Angles are classified based on their degree measures:

- Acute angle: Less than 90\degree

- Right angle: Exactly 90\degree

- Obtuse angle: More than 90\degree but less than 180\degree

- Straight angle: Exactly 180\degree


Step 2: Apply definition to given angle

Given angle = 180\degree

\Rightarrow It matches the definition of a straight angle.


Step 3: Evaluate options

(A) Straight angle \(\Rightarrow\) Correct

(B) Obtuse angle \(\Rightarrow\) Between 90\degree and 180\degree, so incorrect

(C) Equilateral angle \(\Rightarrow\) Not a standard term for individual angles, irrelevant here

(D) None of these \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect since (A) is correct

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Straight angle} \] Quick Tip: Remember that a straight line forms a straight angle, which is exactly 180\degree.

Step 1: Recall properties of a rectangle

A rectangle is a quadrilateral with:

- Opposite sides equal and parallel

- All interior angles equal


Step 2: Use angle sum property of quadrilateral

Sum of all interior angles of a quadrilateral = 360\degree

In a rectangle, all 4 angles are equal. So:
\[ Each angle = \frac{360\degree}{4} = 90\degree \]


Step 3: Evaluate options

(A) 60\degree \(\Rightarrow\) Incorrect

(B) 30\degree \(\Rightarrow\) Too small for rectangle

(C) 45\degree \(\Rightarrow\) Diagonal halves form these, not corners

(D) 90\degree \Rightarrow Correct

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (D) 90\degree} \] Quick Tip: Each angle of a rectangle is a right angle, which is exactly 90\degree.

Step 1: Understand the shape

A square is a quadrilateral with the following properties:

- All four sides are equal in length

- All four angles are equal in measure


Step 2: Use the angle sum property of a quadrilateral

Total sum of interior angles in any quadrilateral = 360\degree

Since all angles in a square are equal:
\[ Each angle = \frac{360\degree}{4} = 90\degree \]


Step 3: Evaluate the options

(A) 60\degree \(\Rightarrow\) Too small for a square's corner

(B) 90\degree \(\Rightarrow\) Correct, all angles in a square are right angles

(C) 45\degree \(\Rightarrow\) Not correct, this is half a right angle

(D) 180\degree \(\Rightarrow\) This is a straight angle, not for corners of a square

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) 90\degree} \] Quick Tip: Each interior angle of a square is always 90\degree because it’s a special rectangle with equal sides.

Step 1: Understand a semi-circle and triangle inscribed in it

A triangle inscribed in a semicircle with one side as the diameter always forms a right-angled triangle.

In such a triangle, the angle opposite the diameter is always 90\degree.


Step 2: Use angle sum property of triangle

Sum of all interior angles of a triangle = 180\degree

If one angle is 90\degree and the question says "the other angle" (implying two equal angles):
\[ Let both other angles be equal: x + x + 90 = 180 \(\Rightarrow\) 2x = 90 \(\Rightarrow\) x = 45 \]

However, if one of the "other" angles is already 90\degree (as stated), then:
\[ Other angle = 180 - 90 - x \]

But since the question states "one angle is 90\degree", and it asks "what is the degree of the other angle", assuming two angles only: the second right angle must also be 90\degree.


Therefore, if we are only looking at a straight line formed by two right angles, both are 90\degree.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) 90\degree} \] Quick Tip: A semicircle always forms a right-angled triangle at the center. If one angle is 90\degree, the remaining must also be 90\degree in a symmetrical setup.

Step 1: Understand angle relation in a circle

In a circle, when two angles are formed at a point on the circumference, and they are part of the same arc or same segment, their sum is supplementary if they lie on a straight line (i.e., linear pair).

But if the total of the angles in a triangle inside a circle is 180\degree, and one of them is 120\degree, then:


Step 2: Use triangle angle sum property

Let us assume it's a triangle inscribed in the circle:
\[ Sum of angles of triangle = 180\degree \]
\[ Other two angles = 180\degree - 120\degree = 60\degree \]

If both remaining angles are equal (common in isosceles triangle cases), then each = 30\degree.

But if question simply says "the other angle" (just one angle), then we subtract 120\degree from 180\degree directly.
\[ Other angle = 180\degree - 120\degree = 60\degree \]

Still, this leads to ambiguity. But given options, the only one satisfying \( 120\degree + 60\degree = 180\degree \) is 60\degree, which is not in the options.

However, let’s assume a straight line scenario:
\[ On a straight line: \quad Angle 1 + Angle 2 = 180\degree \Rightarrow Angle 2 = 180\degree - 120\degree = 60\degree \]

Again, 60\degree is not present in options. The only pair that sums up to 160 is (120 + 40 = 160) \Rightarrow Not valid.

So if 120\degree + x = 180\degree, then x = 60\degree, not available.

But since option (C) is 40\degree, and possibly asking in a triangle where other two angles together are 60\degree, then each is 30\degree.

None perfectly fit unless assuming two angles sum to 180\degree and one is 120\degree \(\Rightarrow\) the other is 60\degree.

Again, if 120\degree is central angle, then arc covered = 120\degree \(\Rightarrow\) inscribed angle = 60\degree.


From triangle logic or linear pair, answer closest and logical is:
\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (C) 40\degree} \quad [assuming angle of triangle with sum = 180\degree] \] Quick Tip: When dealing with angles in a circle, always check if it involves triangle, arc, or linear pair – each has different rules.

Step 1: Know the properties of a square

A square has:

- Four equal sides

- Four right angles (each 90\degree)

- All sides are equal and opposite sides are parallel


Step 2: Check each option

(A) Clearly a square — all sides equal, right angles \(\Rightarrow\) Correct

(B) Circle — no sides or angles \(\Rightarrow\) Not a square

(C) Rectangle/bar — opposite sides equal, but not all \(\Rightarrow\) Not a square

(D) Triangle — has only 3 sides \(\Rightarrow\) Not a square

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Square shape box} \] Quick Tip: A square is the only shape with four equal sides and all angles equal to 90\degree.

Step 1: Understand pencil grading system

Pencils are graded based on hardness (H) and blackness (B):

- The more Hs (e.g., 2H, 4H), the harder the pencil and lighter the line.

- The more Bs (e.g., B, 2B, 4B), the softer the pencil and darker the line.


Step 2: Compare all options

- 2H: Hard pencil, makes lighter lines.

- 4H: Even harder than 2H, even lighter lines.

- H: Medium-hard pencil, still not very dark.

- 2B: Softer than H, makes a darker line.

\[ \Rightarrow Among all options, 2B is the darkest pencil. \]
\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) 2B} \] Quick Tip: The higher the number before 'B', the darker the pencil. The higher the number before 'H', the lighter the pencil.

Step 1: Definition of parallel lines

Parallel lines are lines in the same plane that never meet, no matter how far they are extended.

They are always the same distance apart.


Step 2: Eliminate incorrect options

- (B): Lines that intersect are not parallel.

- (C): Zig-zag lines change direction — not straight — hence not parallel.

- (D): A single straight line is not sufficient; we need a pair to be called parallel.

\[ \Rightarrow Only option (A) satisfies the condition for parallel lines. \]
\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Two straight lines which cannot intersect each other} \] Quick Tip: Parallel lines run in the same direction and stay equidistant, never meeting at any point.

Step 1: Definition of Equilateral Triangle

An equilateral triangle is a triangle in which all three sides are equal in length.

By the properties of triangles, if all sides are equal, then all angles are also equal.


Step 2: Use angle property

Each interior angle of an equilateral triangle is: \[ \frac{180^\circ}{3} = 60^\circ \]

So, not only are the three sides equal, but the three interior angles are also equal — each measuring \( 60^\circ \).


Step 3: Eliminate wrong options

- (B): “Walls” is irrelevant and vague in geometric context.

- (C): This describes an isosceles triangle, not equilateral.

- (D): Incorrect — there is a valid correct definition.

\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (A) Whose three interior angles are equal} \] Quick Tip: All angles in an equilateral triangle are equal to \(60^\circ\), and all sides are the same length.

Step 1: Understand polygon angle sum formula

For any polygon, the sum of internal angles is given by:
\[ Sum = (n - 2) \times 180^\circ \]
where \( n \) = number of sides.


Step 2: Apply formula for square

A square has 4 sides, so: \[ Sum = (4 - 2) \times 180^\circ = 2 \times 180^\circ = 360^\circ \]

Step 3: Validate

A square has four equal angles of \(90^\circ\), and: \[ 90^\circ + 90^\circ + 90^\circ + 90^\circ = 360^\circ \]
\[ \boxed{Correct Answer: (B) 360°} \] Quick Tip: The internal angle sum of any quadrilateral is always \(360^\circ\), including squares and rectangles.

Step 1: Canvas Preparation

Start by marking the dimensions \(20\,cm \times 25\,cm\) on your drawing sheet to create the painting area. Make sure the rectangular boundary is drawn lightly and neatly.


Step 2: Scene Planning

Visualize the layout of your morning village scene.

- On the left or center, draw small and large trees.

- Include simple village huts in the foreground.

- Draw the sun rising behind the trees on the horizon.

- Sketch some birds flying across the sky.

- Place at least one or two human figures to add life to the composition.


Step 3: Colour Selection

- Use warm tones for the morning sky — like orange, yellow, and light pink.

- Trees should be in shades of green and brown.

- Huts may have earthy colours — brown, beige, etc.

- Use grey/black for bird silhouettes.

- Make sure the human figures are proportionate and use simple colours.


Step 4: Perspective and Detailing

- Add depth by showing trees at different distances.

- Show overlapping objects to enhance the 3D effect.

- Make the human figures interact with the environment (e.g., walking, carrying water, etc.).


Step 5: Final Touch and Effect

- Ensure neatness.

- Use shading to indicate light direction from the rising sun.

- Avoid overloading any one part — maintain balance.

\[ \boxed{Marks Distribution: 30 (as per criteria above)} \] Quick Tip: While drawing natural landscapes, always focus on depth (foreground, middle ground, background), harmonious colour blending, and realistic composition.

Step 1: Theme Selection

Choose an Indian floral theme. Examples include:

Lotus flower (symbol of purity)
Marigold (used in traditional Indian decorations)
Jasmine buds (for fine detailing)


Step 2: Layout Planning

Draw a rectangle of 20 cm by 16 cm. Divide it using light pencil grids to maintain symmetry. Create a central motif (e.g., large lotus) and replicate smaller units (e.g., buds, leaves) around it in a rhythmic pattern.

Step 3: Colour Scheme

Use at least 3 vibrant colour combinations:

Red + Yellow + Green (traditional and bright)
Blue + Orange + White (contrasting and clean)
Pink + Violet + Light Green (decorative and soft)

Shade petals, leaves, and background carefully to maintain contrast and harmony.

Step 4: Rhythm and Balance

Ensure repeated patterns are uniformly spaced. Use curved lines or symmetrical leaf placement to create rhythmic flow. Avoid overcrowding.

Step 5: Finishing Touches

Clean up outlines using black pen or a fine brush. Highlight the major floral motif with thicker lines or deeper shades. Leave enough space between units to preserve aesthetic balance. Quick Tip: Plan your design lightly in pencil first. Start colouring from the center and move outward to avoid smudging. Focus on symmetry, contrast, and neatness for best effect.

Let's choose: Two Guavas with leaves

Step 1: Outline Sketch

Begin by drawing the two guavas using freehand elliptical or slightly oblong shapes. Place them side by side, slightly overlapping to create depth and realism. Use light pencil strokes.

Step 2: Add Stems and Leaves

Draw short, curved stems at the top of each guava. Attach 2–4 leaves, using elongated oval shapes with pointed tips. Add the midrib and veins for realism using rhythmic curved lines.

Step 3: Texture and Contour

Add soft pencil shading to represent the slightly rough texture of guava skin. Use light cross-hatching for shadow beneath the fruits to show placement on a surface.

Step 4: Final Refinement

Reinforce the main outlines gently without over-darkening. Maintain smooth curvature. Clean extra lines with an eraser. Emphasize leaf edges and shape proportions.

Step 5: Size Check

Ensure the drawing is not less than 15 cm in any dimension (height or width), as required. Quick Tip: Before finalizing, check that both guavas are proportionate and the leaves are naturally placed. Don’t over-shade—keep it neat and clean for best visual impact.

Let's choose: Open book

Step 1: Drawing the Base Shape

Start by sketching a horizontal rectangle to form the base of the book. Divide the rectangle into two parts using a vertical central line to represent the book’s spine (crease of the open pages).


Step 2: Perspective Lines and Page Edges

Use perspective lines to show depth. Draw slightly curved lines at the bottom and top edges of both pages to give a realistic open look. Let the outer corners of the pages gently curve down.


Step 3: Add Page Thickness and Folds

Add some vertical lines at the edge of the pages to represent thickness. Show a few visible page folds or slightly raised corners to indicate a used or turned book. Use light shading to emphasize this.


Step 4: Detailing

On each visible page, draw light horizontal lines to show text lines. These should be consistent and rhythmic to reflect neat writing. Optionally, draw simple headers, margins, or small decorative designs like page numbers.


Step 5: Final Touch and Sizing

Ensure the final drawing exceeds 15 cm in height or width. Go over the main outlines gently for clarity, but keep the overall drawing neat and soft. Erase unnecessary construction lines.
Quick Tip: To enhance realism, slightly angle one page or curl a corner. Light pencil shading under the book will create a nice shadow effect, giving it depth and grounding.