What is the value of the line integral of a magnetic field around a closed loop according to Amp\`ere's Circuital Law?

• (A) 0
• (B) \(\mu_0 I\)
• (C) \(\frac{I}{\mu_0}\)
• (D) \(B \times I\)

A particle of mass \(m\) moves in a central force field \(F(r)\). Which physical quantity remains conserved during this motion?

• (A) Linear momentum
• (B) Angular momentum
• (C) Kinetic energy
• (D) Velocity

What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron accelerated through a potential difference of \(V\) volts?

• (A) \(\frac{h}{mv}\)
• (B) \(\frac{h}{\sqrt{2meV}}\)
• (C) \(\frac{h}{eV}\)
• (D) \(\sqrt{\frac{2eV}{m}}\)

In a classic Young's Double Slit Experiment, how does the fringe width change if the entire apparatus is immersed in water?

• (A) Fringe width increases
• (B) Fringe width decreases
• (C) Fringe width remains unchanged
• (D) Fringe width becomes infinite

Which Maxwell equation represents the non-existence of magnetic monopoles?

• (A) \(\nabla \cdot \vec{E} = \frac{\rho}{\varepsilon_0}\)
• (B) \(\nabla \cdot \vec{B} = 0\)
• (C) \(\nabla \times \vec{E} = -\frac{\partial \vec{B}}{\partial t}\)
• (D) \(\nabla \times \vec{B} = \mu_0 \vec{J} + \mu_0 \varepsilon_0 \frac{\partial \vec{E}}{\partial t}\)

For a thermodynamic system undergoing an adiabatic process, what is the relationship between pressure \(P\) and volume \(V\)?

• (A) \(PV = constant\)
• (B) \(P/V = constant\)
• (C) \(PV^\gamma = constant\)
• (D) \(P^2V = constant\)

What is the energy of the ground state of a hydrogen atom according to the Bohr model?

• (A) \(-13.6 eV\)
• (B) \(-3.4 eV\)
• (C) \(-1.51 eV\)
• (D) \(0 eV\)

In a p-n junction diode, what happens to the width of the depletion layer under reverse bias?

• (A) It decreases
• (B) It increases
• (C) It remains constant
• (D) It becomes zero

What is the Boolean expression for a two-input NAND gate?

• (A) \(Y = A + B\)
• (B) \(Y = AB\)
• (C) \(Y = \overline{AB}\)
• (D) \(Y = \overline{A + B}\)

A frame of reference moving with constant velocity relative to an inertial frame is also known as what?

• (A) Non-inertial frame
• (B) Accelerated frame
• (C) Inertial frame
• (D) Rotating frame

Which phenomenon confirms the transverse nature of electromagnetic waves?

• (A) Interference
• (B) Diffraction
• (C) Polarization
• (D) Reflection

What is the relation between the group velocity and phase velocity in a non-dispersive medium?

• (A) \(v_g > v_p\)
• (B) \(v_g < v_p\)
• (C) \(v_g = v_p\)
• (D) \(v_g = 2v_p\)

According to the Special Theory of Relativity, what happens to the length of an object as its velocity approaches the speed of light?

• (A) It increases
• (B) It decreases (length contraction)
• (C) It remains unchanged
• (D) It becomes infinite

Which statistical distribution describes the behavior of identical, indistinguishable particles with half-integral spin?

• (A) Maxwell--Boltzmann distribution
• (B) Bose--Einstein distribution
• (C) Fermi--Dirac distribution
• (D) Gaussian distribution

What is the physical significance of the "Quality Factor" (\(Q\)-factor) in an LCR resonant circuit?

• (A) It represents the resistance of the circuit
• (B) It measures the sharpness of resonance
• (C) It determines the supply voltage
• (D) It gives the current amplitude directly