Zara is suffering from cough and has bluish lips. Her mucus is mixed with blood. What is the biological name of the causative organism responsible for Zara’s condition?

Observe the relation between the first two words and complete the analogy.
Dengue: Aedes :: Plague: ______

If the number of chromosomes in the cells of the calyx is 16, how many chromosomes will be formed in the endosperm after double fertilisation?

A scientist isolates a second restriction endonuclease from the strain DC3 of Helicobacter pyogenes. What would the scientist name it using the standard naming technique of restriction enzyme?

Meenu is suffering from a genetic disorder in which phenylpyruvic acid and its metabolites accumulate in blood. It causes impairment of nervous tissues. Which enzyme deficiency has caused this disorder in Meenu?

There were 770 frogs in a pond. 70 of them died within a month. Calculate the death rate of the population of frogs in the pond.

A farmer notices that the leaves of his cabbage plants are curling up because of heavy infestation of aphids. Suggest one ecofriendly method to control their spread in the cabbage plants.

In a particular plant with bilobed dithecous anther, there were 50 Pollen Mother Cells. Only 25% could develop their pollen tubes. Calculate the number of pollen grains that would proceed for fertilisation.

Choose the components that are required for the proper functioning of DNA polymerase enzyme.
(P) DNA template
(Q) A DNA primer
(R) An RNA primer
(S) Four different dNTPs

• (a) Only (P), (Q) and (R)
• (b) Only (P), (R) and (S)
• (c) Only (Q), (R) and (S)
• (d) Only (P), (Q) and (S)

The left hind limb of a person was swollen like elephant’s limb. Which one of the following was MOST likely the cause of swelling?

• (a) Accumulation of uric acid
• (b) Blockage of blood vessels
• (c) Blockage of lymph vessels
• (d) Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles

Given below are two statements marked Assertion and Reason.
Assertion: RNAi technique is applied to plants and animals to protect them from pest infestation.
Reason: This technique inhibits the expression of certain genes in pests.

• (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
• (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
• (c) Assertion is true and Reason is false.
• (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Given below are two statements marked Assertion and Reason.
Assertion: Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome lose their secondary sexual characters and develop gynaecomastia.
Reason: The presence of the XYY chromosomal pattern leads to underdeveloped testes and reduced testosterone levels in affected males.

• (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
• (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
• (c) Assertion is true and Reason is false.
• (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

In a garden pea plant, the flowers are in axial (A) position. Find out the proportion of flowers in terminal position (a), if a cross is made between two heterozygous plants.

Name the autoimmune disorder that affects the skeletal muscles in humans.

Expand the abbreviation IUI.

The enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase helps the in-vitro synthesis of RNA. Name the scientist who discovered this enzyme.

Shama complained of severe itching in certain parts of her body where patches as shown below appeared on her skin. Write the biological name of the causative agent responsible for her condition.

Name the chemical messenger that activates Natural Killer T-cells and macrophages.

Give a reason for the following: Kanika was suffering from SCID and needed periodic infusion of transformed lymphocytes.

Give a reason for the following: In HIV infected persons, the immune system is compromised.

The diagram below shows DNA banding patterns obtained after DNA samples collected from a crime scene were subjected to gel electrophoresis. Samples from crime scene are denoted by C and three suspects are represented by Sı, S2, S3.



Question 2(i):
Which suspect’s DNA sample matches the sample collected from the crime scene (C) based on the provided banding patterns?

Mention the principle on which DNA profiling is based.

In a group discussion on pollination, Shubham argued that Cleistogamy was a type of Xenogamy whereas Ameena was of the opinion that it was a kind of Autogamy. Whose argument is correct? Justify.

The amount of energy at the fourth trophic level in the food chain: Grass \(\rightarrow\) Zebra \(\rightarrow\) Crocodile \(\rightarrow\) Vulture is 4 J. What will be the amount of energy available at the sunlight and transducer level?

Roselin had an aquarium at her home with 10 fish in it. In a year, a fish gave birth to 7 fish. During this period, 3 adult fish had died. Roselin's father purchased 2 more pairs of fish from market for the aquarium. Later, Roselin gifted 4 fish from the aquarium to her friend. Find out the growth rate of fish in Roselin's aquarium.

Anthony needs to obtain biological products in large quantities. He has a vessel with a sparger and one with a stirrer. Which is more advantageous? Why?

Based on data (Birds decline, Plants % decline, Area decline), interpret two reasons for change in the population of migratory birds.

Identify and explain the type of ecological interaction where Paramecium caudatum got eliminated when grown with Paramecium aurelia based on Gause’s principle.

Predict the outcome of an experiment where a plasmid without a selectable marker was used as a vector.

Name an artificial chromosome used as a vector for Penicillium notatum.

How is mature insulin different from pro-insulin secreted by pancreas in humans?

Name the company that produced genetically engineered insulin for the first time.

Why is functional insulin produced by rDNA technology better than the ones produced earlier?

A biologist surveyed islands of different sizes and consolidated the results in the form of the data given below. Study the data carefully and answer the questions that follow.



Question 10(i):
What pattern do you observe in the data of islands (Area vs Mammalian species)?

Name the scientist who proposed the concept of relationship between area and species.

Write the mathematical expression for this relationship.

Draw a flowchart for sex determination in honeybees.

If there are 16 chromosomes in somatic cells of a male honeybee, how many in spermatozoa?

Study the chemical structure of an addictive drug shown below and answer the questions that follow.



Question 12(i):
Mention the scientific name of the source plant of the addictive drug shown (Cannabinoid structure).

State any one effect of this drug on human body.

What is meant by withdrawal symptom?

Which embryo (X or Y) is likely to develop into a normal dicot embryo?

What is the fate of: (a) Apical cell? (b) Basal cell?

Identify response types for peaks A and B in antibody graph.

Antibody type at highest level in 7th week?

Question 14(ii):

Plasmodium is a digenetic parasite, completing its life cycle in humans and mosquitoes. In humans, it completes different parts of its life cycle in the liver and RBCs.

Draw a flow chart to outline its erythrocytic cycle in, humans.

The two structures shown below are formed in the process of spermatogenesis. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.




Question 15(i):
Identify process converting Structure A (Spermatid) to B (Spermatozoon).

State two modifications in Structure B.

As a pait of his tescarch, Arun conducted a study on the number of locusts in a forest, He compiled his findings in the form of the following dala.



Question 16(i):
What type of growth curve is obtained for locusts based on the data?

Mathematical expression for Logistic Growth.

Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow.



Question 17(i):
Identify parts E and F in transcription diagram.

Explain post-transcriptional modifications in part F.

Outline three major steps in artificial hybridisation.

Role of pollen-pistil interaction in hybrid formation.

Draw a flowchart to represent the process of oogenesis.

Differentiate between oogenesis and spermatogenesis on the following basis:
(a) Number of products
(b) Gonadal hormones