CBSE Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025, Download PDF, Books, Previous Year Questions, Sample Paper
| Updated On - Oct 31, 2025
The Physics curriculum of the 12th class CBSE students is out on CBSE’s website. Physics paper for CBSE class xii physics carries a total of 100 marks, which includes both theory and practical components. The theory paper carries a total of 70 marks and is divided into two sections: Section A and Section B. The practical component contributes 30 marks to the total.
Physics question paper contains 35 questions. All questions are compulsory. Divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
- Section A: Questions are Multiple Choice (MCQ) type questions, carrying 1 mark each.
- Section B Questions are Very Short Answer (VSA) type questions, carrying 2 marks each.
- Section C Questions are Short Answer (SA) type questions, carrying 3 marks each.
- Section D Questions are Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying 5 marks each.
- Section E Questions are case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 2 questions in Section B, 2 questions in Section C, 3 questions in Section D and 2 questions in Section E.
- CBSE Board Class 12 :Physics Syllabus Paper Pattern 2024-25
- CBSE Board Class 12 Physics Practical Syllabus
2.1 Practical section in Class 12 for Physics
2.2 AC Generator will be in the Physics Syllabus ?
2.3 Practical Evaluation Scheme for Class 12 Physics
- CBSE Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus: Chapter Wise- Weightage
- NCERT Book for Class 12 Physics: Download PDF
4.1 How is NCERT Class 12 Physics Book Helpful for Physics Board Exam?
- CBSE Board Class 12 Physics PYQs
- What is a good score in cbse class 12 physics exam?
6.1 CBSE Class 12 Physics: Score Categories
6.2 What to Aim For
- Preparation Tips for Physics Exam
7.1 Bonus: Important Topics to Prioritise
- FAQs for CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25
CBSE Board Class 12 :Physics Syllabus Paper Pattern 2024-25
| Section | Details | Number of Questions | Marks per Question | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theory Examination | 70 | |||
| Section A | 16 MCQs | 16 | 1 | 16 |
| Section B | Very Short Answer (VSA) questions | 5 | 2 | 10 |
| Section C | Short Answer (SA) questions | 7 | 3 | 21 |
| Section D | Case-Based questions | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| Section E | Long Answer (LA) questions | 3 | 5 | 15 |
| Practical Examination | 30 | |||
| Overall Total | 100 |
CBSE Board Class 12 Physics Practical Syllabus
Practical section in Class 12 for Physics
| Experiment No. | Practical Topics | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | To verify Ohm's Law and determine resistance using a voltmeter and ammeter. | 4 |
| 2 | To determine the focal length of a concave lens using the mirror formula. | 4 |
| 3 | To plot the graph of potential difference versus current for a resistor. | 4 |
| 4 | To measure resistance of a given wire using a meter bridge. | 4 |
| 5 | To verify laws of reflection and refraction. | 4 |
| Total Marks | 30 |
AC Generator will be in the Physics Syllabus ?
Yes, AC Generator (Alternating Current Generator) is part of the CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus for the 2024-25 academic year.
Topic Alternating Current, including the AC Generator, carries a significantly more weightage in the CBSE Physics exam for Class 12.
| Topic | Weightage (%) | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Electromagnetic Induction and AC | 10-12% | 10-12 |
| AC Generator (part of AC topic) | 2-3% | 2-3 |
| Total Marks for AC and Electromagnetic Induction | 10-12% | 10-12 |
Practical Evaluation Scheme for Class 12 Physics
The practical examination will be of a three hour duration with a mark allocation of 30 marks in total. Students can find below the evaluation scheme for the practical examination for better understanding:
| Two experiments one from each section | 7+7 Marks |
|---|---|
| Practical record [experiments and activities] | 5 Marks |
| One activity from any section | 3 Marks |
| Investigatory Project | 3 Marks |
| Viva on experiments, activities and project | 5 Marks |
| Total | 30 Marks |
Also Check:
CBSE Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus: Chapter Wise- Weightage
Here is the chapter-wise weightage of CBSE Board Class 12 Physics:
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Electrostatics |
| 16 |
| Unit II | Current Electricity |
| 6 |
| Unit III | Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism |
| 11 |
| Unit IV | Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents |
| 6 |
| Unit V | Electromagnetic Waves |
| 3 |
| Unit VI | Optics |
| 14 |
| Unit VII | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter |
| 4 |
| Unit VIII | Atoms and Nuclei |
| 6 |
| Unit IX | Electronic Devices |
| 4 |
Class 12 CBSE Physics weightage over the last three years (2019-2021)
Here is table for Class 12 Physics CBSE weightage over the last 3 years, including all topics:
| Topic | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrostatics | 10% | 10% | 8% |
| Current Electricity | 10% | 10% | 8% |
| Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism | 10% | 10% | 10% |
| Electromagnetic Induction | 10% | 10% | 12% |
| Alternating Current | 8% | 8% | 8% |
| Electromagnetic Waves | 6% | 6% | 6% |
| Optics | 10% | 12% | 12% |
| Dual Nature of Matter & Radiation | 7% | 7% | 7% |
| Atoms & Nuclei | 8% | 8% | 8% |
| Electronic Devices | 6% | 6% | 7% |
| Practicals | 10% | 10% | 10% |
Main Observations:
- Optics and Electromagnetic Induction have consistently had high weightage in recent years.
- Electrostatics, Current Electricity, and Magnetic Effects of Current have remained prominent in all three years.
- The focus on Electronic Devices and Atoms & Nuclei is also stable, though slightly lower compared to other chapters.
NCERT Book for Class 12 Physics: Download PDF
Below is the attached links for the Class 12 Physics Book of both parts 1 and 2.
| Class 12 Physics Part 1 PDF | Download here |
|---|---|
| Class 12 Physics Part 2 PDF | Download here |
Also check : Download NCERT Books for Maths , Chemistry , Biology for Class 12 CBSE
How is NCERT Class 12 Physics Book Helpful for Physics Board Exam?
The NCERT Class 12 Physics textbooks offer significant advantages for preparing for the Physics board exam due to multiple factors:
- Authorized by CBSE: The CBSE board itself prescribes the NCERT textbooks. These resources comprehensively cover the entire CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus in a systematic manner.
- Clarity and Simplicity: The language employed in NCERT books is lucid and straightforward, facilitating the comprehension of intricate concepts. The step-by-step explanations, diagrams and solved examples help in clearing concepts.
- Alignment with Board Exams: The content of NCERT books is on sync with the latest CBSE board exam structure and guidelines. Engaging with these texts ensures that you concentrate on the most recent curriculum and the concepts required for examination.
- Exercise Questions: Each chapter in the books encompasses an array of solved examples and practice questions. These queries are crafted to gauge your comprehension of the concepts and to provide practice with diverse question formats that might appear in the board exam.
- Answer Writing Style: Referring to NCERT books also acquaints you with the manner of writing answers as expected in board exams. This exposure can greatly enhance your perspective and ability in composing answers effectively.
CBSE Board Class 12 Physics PYQs
| Detail | Download Link |
|---|---|
| CBSE Class 12 2024 Physics Question Paper | Check here |
| CBSE Class 12 2023 Physics Question Paper | Check here |
| CBSE Class 12 2022 Physics Question Paper | Check here |
What is a good score in cbse class 12 physics exam?
A good score in the CBSE Class 12 Physics exam can vary depending on individual goals, college admission requirements, and personal expectations.
CBSE Class 12 Physics: Score Categories
- 80–100 (Excellent): Strong conceptual understanding; suitable for top colleges and science-related fields.
- 60–79 (Good): Solid preparation; meets criteria for reputed colleges.
- 40–59 (Average): Basic understanding; enough to pass and pursue general courses.
- Below 40 (Needs Improvement): Below-average; may require retaking the exam.
What to Aim For
- Science/Engineering Aspirants: Aim for at least 85+ marks, as competitive entrance exams like JEE often require a solid academic base.
- Non-Science Aspirants: A score of 60+ can be considered good if Physics is not a core subject in future studies.
- Improving Practical Marks: Ensure strong performance in practical exams (30 marks), as they can significantly boost the overall score.
Preparation Tips for Physics Exam
Following these tips and staying consistent, you’ll be well-prepared for the exam. Good luck! ????
| Tip No. | Preparation Tip | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Understand the Syllabus and Weightage | Focus on high-weightage chapters; allocate time based on marks distribution. |
| 2 | Master the NCERT Textbook | Read thoroughly; solve in-text and end-of-chapter questions. |
| 3 | Practice Numericals | Focus on formulas, derivations, and important chapters like Electrostatics and Current Electricity. |
| 4 | Focus on Concepts | Build a clear understanding of key topics; use diagrams and flowcharts for retention. |
| 5 | Solve Previous Year Papers | Familiarize yourself with the pattern; practice under timed conditions. |
| 6 | Revise Key Topics Regularly | Prepare a summary of formulas, derivations, and definitions; revise frequently. |
| 7 | Pay Attention to Practical Exam | Practice experiments; maintain a neat practical file and prepare for viva questions. |
| 8 | Time Management | Allocate fixed hours for Physics; break chapters into smaller sections for better focus. |
| 9 | Use Reference Books | Supplement NCERT with books like HC Verma or SL Arora for additional practice. |
| 10 | Stay Consistent and Stay Calm | Avoid last-minute cramming; take breaks to relax and maintain a healthy routine. |
Bonus: Important Topics to Prioritise
- Ray and Wave Optics
- Current Electricity
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Atoms and Nuclei
- Semiconductor Electronics
FAQs for CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2024-25
Q. What are the most important chapters in the Class 12 Physics syllabus?
Key chapters include Optics, Electrostatics, Magnetic Effects of Current, and Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation, as they have higher weightage in the exam.
Q. Are all topics in NCERT Physics equally important for the exam?
While NCERT is the foundation, focus more on high-weightage chapters. Topics like Ray Optics, Wave Optics, Electromagnetic Induction, and Atoms and Nuclei frequently appear in exams.
Q. How can I ensure I cover the entire syllabus effectively?
- Divide the syllabus into smaller sections and create a study schedule.
- Prioritize high-weightage chapters but don’t skip any topic entirely.
- Regularly revise concepts, solve numericals, and practice past question papers.
Q. How should I manage my time during the Physics exam?
- Start with the questions you find easiest to build confidence.
- Allocate time based on marks per question: spend less time on 1-mark questions and more on numericals and long-answer questions.
- Keep the last 10–15 minutes for reviewing your answers.
Q. What type of questions are asked in the CBSE Class 12 Physics exam?
- The paper includes a mix of MCQs, Very Short Answers (VSA), Short Answers (SA), Case-Based, and Long Answers (LA).
- Focus on conceptual questions, derivations, numericals, and application-based problems.
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, please refer the official website of the exam.