
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 has been released on the official website- cbseacademic.nic.in. The revised syllabus of the CBSE Class 12 Exam shows around 30% reduction and minor changes to the exam pattern. Check CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2025
CBSE Class 12 syllabus is an essential resource that helps students know about the course structure, any addition or removal of topics, unit-wise weightage of marks, question paper pattern, types of questions, and project work details. By providing a clear understanding of the curriculum, students can use the syllabus to plan their preparation and focus on the topics that have more weightage in the exam.
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4.1 CBSE Class 12 English Marking Scheme 2025
4.2 CBSE Class 12 English Internal Assessment 2025
5.1 CBSE Class 12 Physics Question Paper Pattern 2025
5.2 Prescribed Books for CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025
6.1 CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Question Paper Pattern 2025
6.2 Prescribed Books for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus 2025
7.1 CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper Pattern 2025
7.2 Prescribed Books for CBSE Class 12 Biology 2025
8.1 CBSE Class 12 Maths Question Paper Pattern 2025
8.2 Prescribed Books for CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025
9.1 CBSE Class 12 Political Science Project Work 2025
9.2 Prescribed Books for CBSE Class 12 Political Science Syllabus 2025
10.1 Marking Scheme for Economics Project Work 2025
Candidates can check the important highlights relating to the CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2025 from the table below:
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Name of the Examination | CBSE Class 12 Board Exam |
| Conducting Body | Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) |
| Syllabus Release Date | 31 March 2023 |
| Official Website | https://cbseacademic.nic.in/curriculum_2025.html |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 has been released on the official website. Candidates can follow the below-mentioned steps to download CBSE class 12 syllabus 2025 from the official website:
CBSE Class 12 Subjects are divided into seven primary subject categories: Languages, Sciences, Humanities, Commerce, Skill Subjects, General Studies, and Health and Physical Education. These are broadly divided into electives and compulsory subjects as has been tabulated below:
| Subject | Subject Category |
| Language 1 | Hindi Elective or Hindi Core or English Elective or English Core |
| Language 2/Subject 2 | Any one of the Language or Academic Elective |
| Subjects 3, 4 & 5 | Any 3 compulsory Electives from the category of Academic and Skill subjects |
| Language 3/Subject 6 | Any optional Elective from the category of Languages, Academic, and Skill subjects |
| Health and Physical Education, Work Experience & General Studies | Compulsory subjects having only internal assessment |
The CBSE Class 12 English Syllabus for the session year 2023-24 is tabulated below:
| Book | Category | Chapters | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flamingo (English Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi) | Prose | Last Lesson | |
| Lost Spring | |||
| Deep Water | |||
| The Rattrap | |||
| Indigo | |||
| Poets and Pancakes | |||
| The Interview | |||
| Going Places | |||
| Poems | My Mother at Sixty-six | ||
| Keeping Quiet | |||
| A Thing of Beauty | |||
| A Roadside Stand | |||
| Vistas (Supplementary Reader published by National Council of Education Research and Training, New Delhi) | The Tiger King | ||
| Journey to the End of the Earth | |||
| The Enemy | |||
| On the Face of It | |||
| The Third Level | |||
| Memories of Childhood –
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The theory part of CBSE Class 12 English constitutes 80 marks, the marks distribution of which is tabulated below:
| Section | Topic | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| A | Reading Comprehension through Unseen Passage | 22 |
| B | Creative Writing Skills | 18 |
| C | Literature Text Book and Supplementary Reading Text | 40 |
The remaining 20 marks are allotted for internal assessment, the marks distribution of which is tabulated below:
| Assessment of Listening Skills | 5 marks |
| Assessment of Speaking Skills | 5 marks |
| Project Work | 10 marks |
The syllabus and marks distribution for CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus is as follows:
The syllabus of the CBSE Class 12 Physics theory portion is as follows:
| Units | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Unit–I | Electrostatics | 16 |
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| Unit-II | Current Electricity | |
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| Unit-III | Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | 17 |
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| Unit-IV | Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | |
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| Unit–V | Electromagnetic Waves | 18 |
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| Unit–VI | Optics | |
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| Unit–VII | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | 12 |
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| Unit–VIII | Atoms and Nuclei | |
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| Unit–IX | Electronic Devices | 7 |
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CBSE Class 12 Physics practicals are of 30 marks. The topics included in the CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Syllabus are given below:
| Particulars | Marks |
|---|---|
| Two experiments one from each section | 7+7 |
| Practical record [experiments and activities] | 5 |
| One activity from any section | 3 |
| Investigatory Project | 3 |
| Viva on experiments, activities, and project | 5 |
CBSE Class 12 Physics question paper pattern 2025 is explained below:
| Types of Questions | Marks | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Remembering and Understanding: Answering questions as per the facts, terms, and basic concepts previously learned. | 27 | 38% |
| Applying: Apply learned knowledge, facts, procedures, and principles in novel ways to solve problems. | 22 | 32% |
| Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating: Analyzing and segmenting information by determining causes or motivations. Drawing conclusions and gathering evidence to support generalizations. | 21 | 31% |
| Practical | 30 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 |
The books candidates can follow to prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Physics paper are listed below:
The syllabus and marks distribution for the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus is as follows:
The syllabus for the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry theory portion is tabulated below:
| S.No. | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Solution | 7 |
| 2 | Electrochemistry | 9 |
| 3 | Chemical Kinetics | 7 |
| 4 | d -and f -Block Elements | 7 |
| 5 | Coordination Compounds | 7 |
| 6 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | 6 |
| 7 | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | 6 |
| 8 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | 8 |
| 9 | Amines | 6 |
| 10 | Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, Nucleic Acid | 7 |
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical Syllabus is as follows:
Surface Chemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Thermochemistry
Electrochemistry
Chromatography
Preparation of Inorganic Compounds
Preparation of Organic Compounds
Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:
Project examples:
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry question paper pattern is explained below:
| Types of Questions | Marks | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Remembering and Understanding | 20 | 40% |
| Applying | 21 | 30% |
| Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating | 21 | 30% |
Candidates can follow the below-mentioned books for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry paper:
The syllabus and marks distribution for the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus are discussed in detail below.
The Biology theory syllabus is as follows:
| Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|
| Reproduction | 6 |
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| Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
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| Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
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| Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
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| Ecology and Environment | 10 |
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CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical is for 30 marks. The Biology Practical syllabus is as follows:
The distribution of marks for Biology Practical is tabulated below.
| Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
|---|---|
| One Major Experiment | 5 |
| One Minor Experiment | 4 |
| Slide Preparation | 5 |
| Spotting | 7 |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 |
| Investigatory Project and its Project Record + Viva Voce | 5 |
The CBSE Class 12 Biology question paper pattern is tabulated below.
| Competencies | Proportion |
|---|---|
| Demonstrate Knowledge and Understanding | 50% |
| Application of Knowledge / Concepts | 30% |
| Analyse, Evaluate, and Create | 20% |
Candidates can refer to the below-mentioned books for their CBSE Class 12 Biology Preparation:
CBSE Class 12 maths paper is divided into two sections- theory paper of 80 marks and internal assessment of 20 marks. The topics and marks distribution for the CBSE Class 12 Math Syllabus are as follows:
| Units | Chapters | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| I. | Relations and Functions | 8 |
| II. | Algebra: Matrices Determinants | 10 |
| III. | Calculus | 35 |
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| IV. | Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry | 14 |
| V. | Linear Programming | 5 |
| VI. | Probability | 8 |
A total of 20 marks are allotted to internal assessment for the CBSE Class 12 Maths paper.
| Periodic Tests (Best 2 out of 3 tests conducted) | 10 marks |
| Mathematics Activities | 10 marks |
The theory paper of CBSE Class 12 Maths is of 80 marks. The updated CBSE Class 12 Maths question paper pattern is as follows:
| Types of Questions | Marks | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Remembering and Understanding | 44 | 55% |
| Applying | 20 | 25% |
| Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating | 16 | 20% |
| Total | 80 | 100% |
Candidates can refer to the below-mentioned books for their preparation of CBSE Class 12 Maths 2025:
CBSE Class 12 maths paper is divided into two sections- theory paper of 80 marks and internal assessment of 20 marks. The topics and marks distribution for CBSE Class 12 Political Science Syllabus are as follows:
Part A: Contemporary World Politics
| Units | Contents | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The End of Bipolarity – The Disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Unipolar World, the Middle East Crisis – Afghanistan, the Gulf War, Democratic Politics and Democratization – CIS, and the 21st Century (Arab Spring). | 8 |
| 2 | New Centres of Power- Organizations: European Union, ASEAN, SAARC, BRICS. Nations: Russia, China, Israel, India, Japan, and South Korea. | 12 |
| 3 | Contemporary South Asia- Conflicts and Efforts for Peace Democratization in South Asia: Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives. | |
| 4 | United Nations and its Organizations- Principal Organs, Key Agencies: UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, ILO, Security Council and the Need for its Expansion. | 10 |
| 5 | Security in Contemporary World- Security: Meaning and Type; Terrorism | |
| 6 | Environment and Natural Resources- Environmental Movements, Global Warming, and Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources. | 10 |
| 7 | Globalization- Meaning, Manifestation, and Debates. | |
| Total | 40 |
Part B: Politics in India Since Independence
| Units | Contents | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Challenges of Nation-Building- Nation and Nation Building. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel and Integration of States. Nehru’s approach to nation-building; Legacy of partition: the challenge of ‘refugee’ Resettlement, the Kashmir problem. Political conflicts over language. Linguistic Organisation of States. | 8 |
| 2 | Planned Development- Changing nature of India’s Economic Development Planning Commission and Five Year Plans, National Development Council, NITI Aayog | |
| 3 | India’s Foreign Policy- Principles of Foreign Policy; India’s Changing Relations with Other Nations: US, Russia, China, Israel; India’s Relations with its Neighbours: Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar; India’s Nuclear Programme. | 8 |
| 4 | Parties and Party System in India- Party Dominance, Bi-Party System, Multi-Party Coalition System. | 12 |
| 5 | Democratic Resurgence- Jaya Prakash Narayan and Total Revolution, Ram Manohar Lohia and Socialism, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya and Integral Humanism, National Emergency, Democratic Upsurges – Participation of the Adults, Backwards and Youth. | |
| 6 | Regional Aspirations- Rise of regional parties. Punjab Crisis. The Kashmir Issue, Movements for Autonomy. | 12 |
| 7 | Indian Politics: Recent Trends and Development- The era of Coalitions, National Front, United Front, United Progressive Alliance (UPA) – I & II, National Democratic Alliance (NDA) I, II, III & IV, Issues of Development and Governance. | |
| Total | 40 |
CBSE Class 12 Political Science Project work will be for 20 marks. The project can be individual/pair/group of 4-5 each. Any of the topics listed in the syllabus of a particular class may be used for the project.
The project effort will be evaluated in the manner described below:
| Assessment Rubrics | Marks |
|---|---|
| Introduction, Statement of Purpose/Need and Objectives of the Study, Hypothesis/Research Question, Review of Literature, Presentation of Evidence, Methodology, Questionnaire, Data Collection. | 6 |
| Significance and relevance of the topic; challenges encountered while conducting the research. | 5 |
| Content analysis and its relevance in the current scenario. Conclusion, Limitations, Bibliography, Annexures, and Overall Presentation. | 5 |
| External/ Internal Viva based on the project | 4 |
| Total | 20 |
Candidates can refer to the following books for their CBSE Class 12 Political Science paper:
The CBSE Class 12 Economics paper is divided into two sections- 80 marks for the theory paper and 20 marks for the project. The topics and marks distribution of the CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus are explained in the table below:
| Units | Topic | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Part A | Introductory Macroeconomics | 40 |
| National Income and Related Aggregates | 10 | |
| Money and Banking | 6 | |
| Determination of Income and Employment | 12 | |
| Government Budget and the Economy | 6 | |
| Balance of Payments | 6 | |
| Part B | Indian Economic Development | 40 |
| Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 | 12 | |
| Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy | 20 | |
| Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours | 8 | |
| Part C | Project Work | 20 |
CBSE Class 12 Economics project work holds 20 marks. The marking scheme of the economics project work is given below -
| Heading | Marks |
|---|---|
| Relevance of the topic | 3 |
| Knowledge Content/Research Work | 6 |
| Presentation Technique | 3 |
| Viva-voce | 8 |
| Total | 20 |
CBSE Class 12 Economics question paper pattern is tabulated below:
| Types of Questions | Marks | Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Remembering and Understanding | 44 | 55% |
| Applying | 18 | 22.5% |
| Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating | 18 | 22.5% |
| Total | 80 | 100% |
Candidates can refer to the books listed below for their preparation for the CBSE Class 12 Economics exam:
CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2025 PDF links for all the subjects are given below:
| Subjects | Links to download |
|---|---|
| Arabic | Download |
| Assamese | Download |
| Bengali | Download |
| Bhoti | Download |
| Bhutia | Download |
| Bodo | Download |
| French | Download |
| German | Download |
| Gujarati | Download |
| Hindi Core | Download |
| Hindi Elective | Download |
| English Core | Download |
| English Elective | Download |
| Japanese | Download |
| Kannada | Download |
| Kashmiri | Download |
| Kokborok | Download |
| Lepcha | Download |
| Limboo | Download |
| Malayalam | Download |
| Manipuri | Download |
| Marathi | Download |
| Mizo | Download |
| Nepali | Download |
| Odia | Download |
| Persian | Download |
| Punjabi | Download |
| Russian | Download |
| Urdu Core | Download |
| Urdu Elective | Download |
| Sanskrit Core | Download |
| Sanskrit Elective | Download |
| Sindhi | Download |
| Spanish | Download |
| Tamil | Download |
| Tangkhul | Download |
| Telegu AP | Download |
| Telegu Telangana | Download |
| Tibetian | Download |
| History | Download |
| Geography | Download |
| Accountancy | Download |
| Bio-Technology | Download |
| Carnatic Melodic | Download |
| Carnatic Vocal | Download |
| Carnatic Percussion | Download |
| Economics | Download |
| Engineering Graphics | Download |
| Entrepreneurship | Download |
| Hindustani Melodic | Download |
| Hindustani Percussion | Download |
| Hindustani Vocal | Download |
| Home Science | Download |
| Knowledge Tradition - Practices India | Download |
| Legal Studies | Download |
| Political Science | Download |
| Sociology | Download |
| Psychology | Download |
| Mathematics | Download |
| Applied Mathematics | Download |
| NCC | Download |
| Physical Education | Download |
| Business Studies | Download |
| Physics | Download |
| Chemistry | Download |
| Biology | Download |
| Fine Arts | Download |
| Dance | Download |
| Informatics Practices | Download |
| Computer Science | Download |
Knowing the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2025 is essential for both teachers and students equally. The benefits of knowing the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus have been highlighted below:
Ques. What is the marks distribution for the English paper of CBSE Class 12?
Ans. CBSE Class 12 English exam constitutes the theory exam of 80 marks and project work of 20 marks. Out of the 80 marks for the English paper, Reading Comprehension is 20 Marks, Creative Writing Skills and grammar is 20 Marks, and Literature and Variable Assessment is 40 Marks.
Ques. Which books should be referred to for the Class 12th Chemistry Syllabus?
Ans. The reference books for the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus are as follows:
Ques. How much time is needed to complete the full CBSE Class 12 Syllabus?
Ans. The third week of November is the ideal time to finish coursework. This will allow one to dedicate enough time for revision and practice. Attempt as many mock tests as possible in the last few months. In this manner, one may score 90 or at least 85.
Ques. Which books should be referred to for CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus?
Ans. The reference books for the CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus are as follows:
Ques. Which books should be referred to for the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus?
Ans. The reference books for the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus Class are as follows:
Ques. Which books should be referred to for the CBSE Class 12 Math Syllabus?
Ans. The reference books for the CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus Class are as follows:
Ques. Where can students find the syllabus?
Ans. Students can visit the official website of CBSE to download the syllabus. They can also download the CBSE class 12 Syllabus PDF for their desired subjects from this article above.
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, please refer the official website of the exam.